Both injection molding and 3D printing have their own unique pros and cons. This can make it challenging to select a suitable option for your project. If you are looking to create custom prototypes or need to manufacture parts in bulk, 3D printing vs injection molding can save you resources, effort, and sanity. These technologies can be quite different. Let us help you choose!
What is 3D Printing
Also known as additive manufacturing, 3D printing is the process of making parts from a design by adding material layer by layer. Instead of cutting or shaping the material, parts are built up by adding thin slices from the bottom ( just like stacking building blocks). This makes it ideal for custom products, prototypes, or small quantity items.
How 3D Printing Process Works
In the 3D printing process, everything starts with a 3D model made on a computer. After creating the part design, the next step is to send the file to a 3D printer. A 3D printer has a file that it reads and subsequently constructs an object layer after layer. Each new layer adheres to the layer below it until the entire structure is finished.
Yes! There is no use of extra tooling or molds, which is both time and cost-efficient, especially for short production runs.
Types of 3D Printing
Each of the different types of 3D printing serves a specific purpose; below are the most common ones:
FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling)
FDM refers to the most common form of 3D printing, which involves the melting of plastic filaments into a spatial geometric figure. It is cost-effective, simple to operate, and optimal for prototype use or for parts produced in small quantities.
SLA (Stereolithography)
SLA uses a laser to cure liquid resin on each layer, making it one of the more precise forms of 3D printing. Also perfect for the creation of small, detailed structures.
SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)
This method of 3D printing is used to fuse powdered material using lasers. It is best for the creation of robust, strong, and functional parts.
DLP (Digital Light Processing)
Just like with SLA, DLP cures the resin by projecting light onto it. However, DLP is much faster while still maintaining a high level of detail and smooth finishes.
Plenty of approaches can suit your project’s needs when it requires speed, accuracy, or material performance. Each type possesses distinct strengths that are unparalleled.
Common 3D Printing Materials 3D printing has been used for many applications, so it also offers a wide selection of materials.
- PLA (Polylactic Acid): A non-toxic and biodegradable material that is easy to print, making it cost-effective for producing models and prototypes while also being eco-friendly.
- ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene): Tough and impact-resistant, it is a preferred choice for manufacturing functional parts as it withstands high temperatures.
- Nylon: Used in the automotive and aerospace industries, it’s a strong and flexible material best suited for functional parts as well as wear-resistant components.
- Resin: Used in SLA and DLP for detailed smooth finishes, it can be tough, flexible, or castable and comes in many formulations.
- TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane): Known for its rubber-like elasticity, TPU is ideal for flexible parts like gaskets or seals.
- Metal Powders: Commonly made of metals such as stainless steel, titanium, and aluminium, they are ideal for robust, high-performance parts and suited for advanced industrial applications such as aerospace and automotive.
With the varying materials offered, these can be best suited for the required strength, flexibility, and finish of a project. From everyday products to specialised parts, tailored solutions are made possible.
What is Injection Molding
Injection Molding is a procedure commonly used in businesses to manufacture plastic components of goods in bulk. This process involves injecting hot liquid plastic into a mold, then allowing it to cool for the removal of the component.
How Injection Molding Works
To start the injection molding process, first, a mold made from metal, which is split into two parts, must be created. These parts have a specific shape that you want for your desired workpiece. CNC machining, EDM, and other precise techniques are used for mold making. 3D print injection molds are also popular for molding parts with intricate geometries.
Next, the food-grade plastic pellets are added to its chamber. Then the plastic is grated and poured into a hopper where it is heated above its melting point.
At this point, the plastic is then placed into the mold under very high pressure to allow it to form the half. Once the plastic has cooled to room temperature, the injection mold opens, and the piece is removed.
The injection molding machines can repeat this cycle rapidly for mass production.
Common Injection Molding Materials
For injection molding, there are many types of plastics to choose from. A few of the more well-known ones are:
- ABS: Strong and durable acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene copolymer
- Polypropylene: A flexible and lightweight material
- Polyethene: It displays resistance to being impacted
- Polystyrene: Cheap, but has a rigid characteristic
- Nylon: Resistant to heat and tough
Depending on the function, environment, and needed strength for your part, the selection will change.
Best for High-Volume Production
If we compare 3D printing Vs injection molding, one key benefit is that the Injection molding technology works best when you want thousands, or even millions, of parts. Although the mold is expensive to create, the cost per plastic part decreases significantly during high-volume sales. This is why it is popular among automotive, electronics, and packaging manufacturers.
Moreover, for high-speed machining that requires precision and repeatability, injection molding is an excellent choice. Well, there are a lot of differences between 3D printing and injection molding. Let’s discuss one by one.
Cost Comparison
For both methods, costs differ with respect to volume of production, complexity, and material selection.
Upfront Expenses
The most notable drawback of injection molding is the upfront tooling cost. Designing and manufacturing a custom mold for complex parts can be quite costly. However, once the mold is completed, it has the capability of producing thousands to millions of parts at no additional cost.
In contrast, a 3D printer’s only requirement is the 3D model. As such, the initial expenses with 3D printing are very low, making it cost-efficient for small runs or single designs.
Low Volume Production vs. High Volume Production
Compared to other methods, 3D printing is cost-effective for low-volume production for various reasons, but mainly due to the lack of a mold to create.
With injection molding, the loss in profit associated with the created mold adds unnecessary expense at low volumes. However, after a certain point, 3D printing drops per unit cost and is much higher than injection molding. So, high volume injection molding is highly cost-effective, and 3D printing provides cost benefits for small batches & prototypes.
Cost Efficiency over Time
The sharp cost effectiveness of injection molding comes from low unit cost after the mold has been made, and is very efficient for mass production runs. However, for small, customizable, or prototypical runs, it is far less efficient.
On the other hand, while 3D printing remains flexible, it is not very cost-effective when done on a larger scale.
Speed and Lead Time
Both 3D printing and injection molding have their own set of advantages for different categories when it comes to speed.
Part Delivery Time
3D printing technology has the quickest delivery time, as the 3D printer will begin making the part immediately after the 3D model has been designed. Depending on the complexity, the printing can take anywhere between several hours to a day.
But in the case of injection molding, the mold may take days/weeks for a repetitive designed model.
Lead Time for Design Iterations and Prototyping
3D printing technology is the best option when changes or alterations to a design need to be prototyped and tested. Well, it only takes a few days for 3D printed parts to be reprinted after modifications have been implemented.
In contrast, injection molding necessitates longer timeframes for changes as new molds have to be created. As a result, mold-making time impacts the project timeline, which is one of the key differences between 3D printing and injection molding.
Design Complexity and Customisation
The use of 3D printing allows an immense amount of geometric customisation. Since components are made in layers, complex shapes and intricate detailing are far easier to achieve than with other methods. Structures like undercuts or hollow shapes can easily be fabricated, making 3D printing ideal for prototypes or custom low-volume production.
However, there are design limitations to injection molding. Parts have to contain draft angles, which aid in helping the part release from the mold. There is a lower possibility of very sharp corners when comparing injection molding vs 3D printing. Also problematic are undercuts, which add cost and difficulty to the item due to the additional tooling required to make them.
3D printing is more flexible than other forms of manufacturing for intricate or customised designs. There is no need for costly molds, making adjustments easy, and enabling customised production. This is beneficial for industries such as healthcare, where pre-built bespoke parts are the norm.
Material Options and Properties
- Range of Materials
Injection Molding has expanded the limits of uses of industrial-grade plastics to include ABS, polypropylene, polycarbonate, and nylon.
3D Printing materials are restricted to PLA, ABS, PETG, resins, and some metal or composite filaments based on the type of printer in use.
- Performance
Injection Molding materials have superior performance due to their strength, durability, and thermal resistance.
3D Printing materials have the potential to be strong and flexible, but they do not measure up to the standards of injection molded counterparts in most harsh applications.
- Heat Resistance
Injection molded components have better heat resistance and are more fit for automotive and appliance components.
Parts created using 3D Printing have a lower heat resistance unless specifically made using special filaments.
- Biocompatibility & Food Safety
Industries depend on the surgical and food-grade certified materials available via Injection Molding.
Few options exist when it comes to biocompatible and food-safe 3D printing materials.
Surface Finish and Accuracy
Quality Finish
The whole process of injection molding comes with a high finish surface quality, as the mold itself gives parts a smooth and shiny finish. Depending on how the mold is made, you can also choose matte, glossy or rough finishes.
It is different in the case of 3D printed components, as they usually have visible layer lines and rough edges. Presenters certainly try to do a good job, but in most cases, polish is still required. The situation is a little better with more advanced printers.
Accuracy of Measurements
Once the mold for injection molding is done, consistency is guaranteed. All the parts are made to the exact dimensions, which is immensely useful when parts need to fit together effortlessly.
This accuracy is available in 3D printing as well, but there will always be some degree of change with factors such as material shrinkage, printer settings, or orientation.
Adjustments After the Main Work
Unlike other methods of parts production, injection molding does not require a lot to be done after the molding is finished. Aside from polishing, other methods of finishing, such as sanding, support removal, or even surface coating, are frequently needed to add to the cosmetic polish of the product.
Environmental Impact and Waste
Material Scraps
The material waste produced by injection molding is usually greater. It includes leftover plastic from runners, springs, rejected parts, and some of it might be recycled, but not all of it can be recycled into high-quality products.
However, 3D printing is more efficient in material usage because it only uses the plastic needed to build the part. It is not completely waste-free, though; structures meant to provide support, failed prints, and test prints add to the waste.
Energy
The start of energy use in injection molding is high, especially for the mold creation part. But once production starts, it becomes more energy-efficient, especially for large batches.
For 3D printing, energy use during setup and for the short-run or single-item unit is less than for longer runs. However, because 3D printing is slow, the longer operating time leads to increased energy use for larger jobs.
Sustainability
3D printing advocates for on-site manufacturing and on-demand production. It helps control stock levels, thus eliminating excess inventory and helping in sustainable shipping for small batches.
On the other hand, injection molding is better when manufacturing durable parts because they last longer and reduce replacement needs. Both methods can be more environmentally friendly if recycled or bio-based material is used.
Alright! Now we are clear about injection molding vs 3D printing, now let’s move towards their use case.
Ideal Use Cases for Each
Now let’s make a head-to-head comparison of 3D printing vs injection molding, where each of them fits best regarding application.
Uses of Injection Molding
- Mass production of identical parts: Efficient for creating large quantities quickly and consistently.
- Automotive: Used in dashboards, connectors, housings, and under-the-hood parts.
- Consumer electronics: Perfect for small parts like phone cases, buttons, connectors, and enclosures.
- Medical devices: These include precise, durable components like surgical tools, diagnostic injection molded equipment, and even implants.
- Packaging: These apply to the production of plastic containers, caps, and bottles.
Uses of 3D Printing
- Active prototyping: Permits the rapid development of prototypes for testing, modification, and iteration, facilitating faster product development.
- Custom or low-volume production: Ideal for one-of-a-kind or low-quantity productions without costly molds.
- Aerospace: Focused on the fabrication of prototypes, tooling for testing, and non-complex, lightweight parts made from often specialised materials.
- Dental: The creation of high-precision dental models alongside custom implants, crowns, bridges, and other parts is best produced through additive manufacturing.
- Product development: Especially suitable for one-off or small batch production that requires significant modification for new or lesser-known markets.
- Art and fashion: Permits intricate creation of customizable designs or patterns that conventional methods would struggle to create or be unable to create.
When to Choose Injection Molding Vs 3D Printing?
Various elements will influence whether to select 3D printing or injection molding, including the design requirements of the item, production volume, cost, and time.
- For large-scale manufacturing, injection molding is more suitable. It is the most efficient method for producing thousands or millions of identical injection molded parts once a mold is made. For consistent quality in high quantities, injection molding is perfect. Meanwhile, prototype injection molding can be costly and time-consuming.
- 3D printing stands out in the domain of rapid changes in design or in low-volume personalisation. It is ideal for prototypes and limited runs, where parts need to be created quickly, because it does not demand the expensive investment in molds.
- Per-unit costs become very low at scale, making injection molding the least expensive per-unit option in mass production. Even though 3D printing incorporates fewer upfront costs, it becomes expensive with large runs due to increased printing times.
- From a design standpoint, 3D printing offers greater freedom in shape and design detail complexity, providing limitless options since molds are not needed, compared to injection molding, which demands certain design modifications like draft angles.
Conclusion
So, now we are clear for projects that have shifting components, 3D printing is ideal as it offers quick prototyping solutions and fulfils personalisation needs, while injection molding is the perfect fit for high-volume production. Understanding the shift in cost, time, and design versatility aids the selection of the most feasible option.
At RapidDirect, we offer both injection molding and 3D printing. Well, we focus on providing personalised solutions for your manufacturing requirements. We understand what it takes to walk through the process of high-volume production or rapid prototyping, and we are always ready to offer professional insights and guidance.
Our committed, specialised team ensures quality deliverables in record time, which allows you to concentrate on the most important thing: getting your product to market. Reach out to us now and let us know what your project needs so that we can assist you with our advanced manufacturing services.
