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Micro Injection Molding: Principle, Benefits, and Applications

July 7, 2023 · About 3 minutes
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In the world of plastic manufacturing, there is a growing demand for exact and intricate plastic components. To meet this demand, many product designers and engineers are turning towards a revolutionary manufacturing technique – micro injection molding. Traditional injection molding methods may not be suitable for producing small plastic components that measure only a few millimeters across.

Unlike conventional molding methods, micro molding creates small parts with delicate features, thin walls, micro holes, and tight tolerances. It enables manufacturers to meet the demands for small, exact components while ensuring scalability for high-volume production.

In this comprehensive guide, we will explore what’s micro molding and examine how it differs from the traditional molding process. We will also discuss its benefits and challenges. 

What Is Micro Injection Molding?

micro molding for intricate parts
micro molding for intricate parts

Micro molding is a highly specialized form of injection molding that focuses on creating extremely small components. The process involves the creation of a cavity that matches the desired shape of the part. Micro-structured steel or aluminum molds are precisely machined using CNC and EDM techniques with micron or even submicron scale tolerances. This approach allows for producing components that weigh less than a gram and have dimensions in the range of a few millimeters.

Principles of Micro Molding

To initiate the micro molding process, manufacturers prepare a mold or tooling that contains small cavities shaped according to the desired component. During the liquid injection molding (LIM) process, a liquid silicone rubber (LSR) is rapidly injected into the heated cavity. Here, it undergoes vulcanization and forms the final part. Some micro-molding techniques involve runners, channels that guide the material into the cavities. In contrast, direct gating methods inject the material directly into the part, eliminating runners and reducing material waste.

There are three key aspects to consider when it comes to this technique. Firstly, “micro” refers to the part size itself, with a focus on small-scale manufacturing. Secondly, “microfeatures” relate to tiny parts within a larger component. Although the overall part may be larger, certain components or features within it are considered micro-sized. Lastly, “micro tolerance” refers to the precision and accuracy required in the part measurements. Micro molded parts must meet strict injection molding tolerances. They are sometimes as small as a thousandth of an inch, ensuring they adhere to the required specifications.

principle of micro injection molding
principle of micro injection molding

Successful molded parts with micron tolerances rely on factors such as tooling, mold design, and fabrication. It is crucial to have access to industry-leading machining capabilities and experienced professionals who can achieve sub-micron tooling precision. Furthermore, advanced metrology techniques are employed to validate the capabilities of molded components and automated sub-assemblies.

One factor that influences the use of micro injection molding is “micro tolerance.” This refers to the narrow margin of error allowed in the part’s measurements. The tolerances can be as tight as 1/100th of an inch and, in some cases, as small as 1/1000th of an inch. Conversely, small pieces that do not require such tight tolerances can often be produced using traditional injection molding methods.

Difference Between Micromolding and Conventional Injection Molding

Although similar to traditional injection molding, micro molding has some distinct differences. Micromolding requires the integration of a special injection unit to accommodate the small size of the components. The main difference lies in the shot size and precision of the injection machines.

comparing injection molding techniques
comparing injection molding techniques

Micro-molding machines have higher-resolution feed options, allowing them to inject tiny fractions of a gram with high precision. This ensures even pressure distribution within the cavity. Also, using precision CNC and EDM tools, micro molds are machined with smaller cores, cavities, and intricate features.

Another primary distinction between this advanced molding process and plastic injection molding is the size of the pieces they create. The former employs molds created with higher precision processes, resulting in improved accuracy and repeatability. The latter is suitable for larger parts and products. Micro molding excels in producing small, high precision components.

Moreover, the materials used also differ between the two methods. Micro molding often uses high-performance polymers like liquid crystal polymers. These materials are known for their high-temperature resistance and exceptional mechanical properties. In contrast, plastic injection molding encompasses a broader range of materials, including elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosets.

Benefits of Micro Injection Molding

The micro molding technique offers several advantages in terms of precision, machining, and cost. Amidst the plenty benefits of this process, here are some of the significant ones:

benefits of micro molding
benefits of micro molding

Precision and Complexity

This advanced injection molding technique excels in achieving high levels of precision and intricate geometries. The process allows for the production of extremely small and detailed components with tight tolerances. Advanced machining techniques, such as CNC and EDM, enable the creation of micro-sized cores, cavities, and features with exceptional accuracy.

This precision is crucial in medical devices, electronics, and micro-optics industries, where even minor deviations can significantly impact performance. This technique ensures consistent replication of complex designs, enabling the production of precise and reliable plastic parts.

Material Selection and Compatibility

The procedure also supports various material options, including high-performance polymers and engineered thermoplastics. These materials offer excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and thermal stability.

The compatibility of different materials allows for the manufacturing of components tailored to specific applications. The selection of materials can be optimized for biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, heat resistance, etc. This versatility in material selection ensures that micro molded parts meet the desired functional requirements.

Cost-Effectiveness and Efficiency

Unlike conventional injection molding, this technique provides significant cost advantages. The tools it needs are smaller in size and more affordable, resulting in cost savings. For instance, the reduced clamping force required allows for using smaller, less expensive machines. As a result, the cost of micro-molding can be approximately 40% lower compared to full-scale tooling costs.

Moreover, this process significantly reduces production costs through shorter cycle times. The process involves using micro molds typically made from aluminum, which enables faster and more cost-effective machining. The use of compact barrels, fewer mold cavities, and smaller runners also contribute to cost reduction. These factors collectively contribute to the overall cost-effectiveness of the micro molding process. The small size of micro components also allows for efficient use of materials, minimizing waste.

It can also integrate multiple steps, such as assembly or overmolding, into a single production cycle. This consolidation of processes enhances efficiency and reduces overall manufacturing time. With optimized micro molding tooling and automation capabilities, this technology can achieve faster cycle times, improving productivity and cost-effectiveness.

Applications of Micro Molding

This procedure is useful in a vast array of applications, especially where size and precision matter. Its ability to produce small, intricate plastic parts with utmost accuracy paves the way for innovative advancements in the following industries:

applications of micro injection molding
applications of micro injection molding

Medical and Healthcare Industry

The healthcare sector demands a high level of accuracy in its processes, often requiring complex instruments. This advanced process plays a vital role in the manufacturing of medical devices. These include drug delivery devices, diagnostic systems, catheters, optical & hearing aid components, etc.

The technique is particularly well-suited for instruments used in minimally invasive surgical operations such as neurosurgeries and aortic treatments. Microfluidic systems are also growing in medical applications. This is further driving the adoption of this technique in the medical industry.

Electronics and Electrical Industry

As electronic devices continue to get smaller, the electronics industry requires higher precision. Micro injection molding offers significant advantages in the manufacturing of various electronic components. One example is micro-optics which produces laser-based devices, smartphones, lenses, prisms, and more.

Additionally, it is used for manufacturing microelectronic components including connectors, plugs, switches, computer chips, and more. These components are useful for computer applications, communication technology, musical equipment, and other microelectronics.

Microelectromechanical systems also rely on the micro-molding technique. There is an increasing demand for advanced molding techniques in manufacturing processes. For example, the investigation of Biomedical Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems and the application of Next Generation Sequencing have significantly boosted Microelectromechanical demands.

Automotive and Aerospace Industry

The significance of this molding technique is evident in the manufacturing of automotive components, where there is a frequent need for lightweight and compact designs. It finds application in producing various parts for automobiles. These include engine components, brakes, and other relevant components like washers, clips, door locking mechanisms, switches, buttons, and microplastic gears.

Injection molding 1024x594

Discover the ideal source for all your micro and small-sized molded parts needs!

RapidDirect is thrilled to offer you a comprehensive micro injection molding solution tailored to your specific requirements.

Our expertise lies in the manufacturing of micro and small-sized molded parts with unrivaled precision. Utilizing advanced injection molding machines, we ensure flawless dimensions and seamless compatibility with your products

Challenges and Considerations in Micro Molding

Micro molding presents unique challenges from precise tooling and material flow control to stringent quality control and scalable production. Let’s examine some of them.

Tooling and Mold Design Complexity

Achieving exceptional accuracy and precision is paramount in mold construction and micro parts production. Even slight misalignments during injection molding design can significantly impact the quality of the small-sized plastic parts. In micro-molding with liquid silicone rubber, additional precision is necessary when mixing the materials, incorporation of color, and precise dosing to ensure process stability and repeatability.

The construction of molds poses various engineering challenges, primarily related to mold design. Mold design must incorporate critical elements to ensure consistent alignment of the mold halves and enable precise demolding of the parts. The mold design must also facilitate consistent quality and longevity to support high-capacity output. This is because a typical micro injection mold is expected to produce millions of parts throughout its lifespan.

Material Flow and Injection Molding Parameters

It’s critical to achieve proper material flow. The small size of the mold cavities and thin walls of micro parts can lead to challenges in filling the mold properly. Careful consideration must be given to factors such as injection speed, pressure, temperature, and gate design to ensure uniform and consistent material flow.

Balanced cavity pressures in micro injection molds ensure consistent filling. Good valve gate technology and a well-balanced cold deck prevent short shots or incomplete filling. Cavity temperature affects material curing and part formation. Proper nozzle cooling aids the transition from cooling during filling to heating during vulcanization.

Direct gating is ideal if there’s enough space for a gate. Otherwise, alternative gating methods like film, edge, or tunnel gates are used. Overflows can ensure complete part filling and reduce trapped air risks. Runners aid in handling operations like slitting, marking, printing, packaging, and assembly, improving workflow efficiency.

Quality Control and Inspection for Micro-Sized Components

The small dimensions of micro-sized components make it difficult to inspect the parts for defects or dimensional accuracy visually. You may need non-destructive testing techniques like high-resolution imaging systems or advanced metrology equipment to detect and measure micro-level defects.

It is also important to implement strict quality control measures. They include process monitoring and statistical analysis, which should be implemented to maintain consistent quality throughout production.

Scalability and Production Volume Considerations

While the technique is well-suited for small-scale production of micro-sized components, scaling up the production can pose challenges. Additionally, the selection of suitable materials and the availability of raw materials in sufficient quantities can impact the scalability of the process.

Therefore, designers and engineers must carefully evaluate cycle time, mold durability, and machine capacity. This will help ensure efficient and cost-effective production at larger volumes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while conventional injection molding has its merits, it may not be suitable for specific applications. This has led to the emergence of a more precise and compact solution known as micro injection molding. It offers numerous advantages and versatile applications, making it an integral part of various industries, effectively addressing new market challenges.

To achieve success in micro molding, precision mold tooling, advanced technologies, and optimized manufacturing processes are crucial. RapidDirect, as a reliable partner, offers comprehensive injection molding services, utilizing cutting-edge technologies to bring your concept to life. Our highly skilled and experienced engineering team instills confidence, ensuring that you receive the best manufacturing solutions for your project.

Reach out to us today and embark on your molding journey with RapidDirect. Let’s work together to turn your vision into a reality!

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    Written By
    Lucas Bennett is a mechanical engineer with expertise in manufacturing, 3D printers, automobiles, EVs, renewable energy, and HVAC. He has worked on projects from trainee engineer to senior engineer and deputy project manager and specializes in writing manufacturing content. In his spare time, he’s an avid reader and loves tinkering with DIY tech projects.

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